What are the most common causes of gynaecological issues?

A fact no one can deny – talking about the sexual and reproductive health of women is not common enough in our society. It is the need of the hour to know that sometimes even after maintaining good intimate hygiene, a woman can experience gynecological issues at any point in her life. Underlying hormonal issues, family history or stressed lifestyle could be some of the common reasons behind these disorders which need to be addressed on time. Not every problem can be life-threatening but ignoring these issues in the early stage could lead to certain complications, from affecting fertility to even the overall health of a person.

Here’s what you do need to know about the causes of gynecological issues;

1. Uterine fibroids

Fibroids are the non-cancerous (tumor) growth around the uterus, commonly diagnosed during the reproductive years. These fibroids usually consist of muscle cells and fibrous connective tissues within the uterus that can alter in shape and size as they grow. Symptoms associated with fibroids may change over time, in which one may experience heavy, prolonged or painful periods, abnormal bleeding, back pain, pelvic pain, frequent urination, or painful sex. However, many women remain unaware of the condition as it is not necessary to suffer from any symptom of fibroids, which is why regular examination with the gynecologist is advised. 

2. Endometriosis

According to the ‘Endometriosis Society of India’, it is estimated that around 25 million Indian women suffer from this debilitating condition. Even today the exact cause of Endometriosis is not known. It is suggested that hormonal disturbances, genetic factors, weakened immune systems or menstrual disorders could trigger the symptoms. Commonly, it occurs when the uterine lining (which lines the inner uterus), grows outside the wall of the uterus or other parts including ovaries or the fallopian tube. In severe cases, it can grow on the cervix, bladder, bowel, or rectum. A woman may go through painful menstrual cramps, experience pain while having sex, bleeding between periods or have digestive troubles.

3. Yeast infections

Often neglected, yeast infection could be a common cause of vaginal irritation and infection that could happen to women of any age. These yeast cells that are usually present in the vagina can overgrow during pregnancy, or due to uncontrolled diabetes, use of antibiotics, feminine hygiene sprays, poorly ventilated clothing, or unadvised use of oral contraceptives among others. However, it can be controlled and treated well with over-the-counter medications. 

4. PCOS

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) is the most common gynecological issue witnessed in young women. Sedentary and stressful lifestyles are the prominent crux of the condition. In the case of PCOS, a woman may suffer from irregular menstrual cycles, painful periods, obesity, anxiety or depression, abnormal acne, hirsutism, pre-diabetes condition, or infertility. Due to PCOS, a woman’s body releases increased amounts of androgen (male hormones) and develops follicles on the ovaries that may cause hindrance in releasing eggs. Nowadays, it can be easily detected and managed with the help of medications and effective lifestyle changes. 

5. Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts may or may not be tumors. Normally, these are the sacs or pouches filled with fluid that develops on and around the ovaries. There are chances that a woman can live with ovarian cysts without experiencing any discomfort or trouble. It can even dissolve on its own without any medical intervention. In other cases, it can cause swelling or pain in the abdominal region, bloating, nausea or vomiting during periods. Hormonal issues, endometriosis, and pelvic infections could trigger the growth which can be either treated through oral medications or surgeries, as suggested by the concerned doctor on the basis of the type, location, and size of the cyst. 

Conclusion-

It is advised to adopt a healthy lifestyle and make regular visits to your gynecologist that will help to keep a track record of your reproductive health. Several gynecology issues can be prevented by following a healthy regime, including a balanced diet, an adequate liquid intake, regular exercising and practicing safe sex.